Indonesia Submits Second NDC With Absolute Emissions Targets, 2030 Peak

Indonesia submitted its Second Nationally Determined Contribution to the UNFCCC, projecting emissions to peak by 2030 and fall to 1.26–1.49 GtCO2 by 2035. The shift to absolute emissions targets increases accountability and reaffirms Indonesia's pursuit of net zero by 2060 or earlier.

Indonesia formally submitted its Second Nationally Determined Contribution to the UNFCCC, containing new absolute emissions targets ahead of COP30. The plan projects national greenhouse gas emissions to peak by 2030, then decline to an absolute level between 1.26 and 1.49 GtCO2 by 2035, reaffirming net-zero pursuit by 2060 or earlier. The SNDC covers five sectors including Energy and Forestry & Other Land Use, and expanded coverage to include hydrofluorocarbon emissions, guided by the Asta Cita national development vision.

Five key sectors are affected, including Energy and Forestry & Other Land Use, with new policies strengthening blue carbon, marine, and forestry initiatives and setting land restoration targets. Mandatory carbon pricing instruments and a national registry were established by Presidential Regulation. Achieving the SNDC targets requires an estimated total investment of 472.6 billion USD, with significant international financial and non-financial support critically essential for conditional targets. The World Resources Institute noted slower emissions reduction rates post-2035.

Stakeholders should monitor implementation of the mandatory carbon pricing instruments and national registry established by Presidential Regulation, and the mobilisation of the estimated 472.6 billion USD investment requirement, including international support for conditional targets. The World Resources Institute advocated a wider focus on community impacts for a more inclusive just transition. Observers should track whether Indonesia's emissions peak by 2030 and decline toward the 1.26–1.49 GtCO2 target by 2035 as projected.

Key figure — 2035 target: absolute emissions level between 1.26 and 1.49 GtCO2, peaking by 2030